A relatively small number of insect species can be major limiting factors in wheat production. Several parts of plants are attacked by specific species and each can cause damage that reduces yields and quality. One of the more important of these is the Sitodiplosis mosellana, more commonly known as the wheat midge. This small (2-3 mm) fly lays eggs under the glumes or floret grooves of newly emerged heads. Eggs are laid late June to early July in the evening, near sunset, individually or in clusters of 3-4.

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